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All recipes from personal experience and tested, ones in italics are known working but may not be the maximum loading possible
All recipes from personal experience and tested on the [[Tools/boxford|Boxford 260VMC]], Categories of machining are Roughing, Finishing, Slotting, Engraving, Drilling


== H-13 Tool Steel ==
== Recommended surface speeds ==
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: auto; text-align: center;"
|+Tool Speeds (m/min)
|-
! scope="col"| Material
! scope="col"| HSS
! scope="col"| Cobalt
! scope="col"| Carbide

|-
! scope="row"| Plastic
| 15
| 15
| Not recommended
|-
! scope="row"| Aluminium
| 100
| 150
| 300
|-
! scope="row"| Brass
| 75
| 125
| 200
|-
! scope="row"| Steel
| 25
| 35
| 65
|-
! scope="row"| Stainless Steel
| 20
| 25
| 40
|-
! scope="row"| Titanium alloys
| Not recommended
| Not recommended
| 15
|-
! scope="row"| Tool Steels
| Not recommended
| 10
| 30
|}
'''NOTE : THESE ARE APPROXIMATE RECOMMENDATIONS - YOU WILL NEED TO RESEARCH ELSEWHERE AND GET EXPERIENCE IN ORDER TO PICK SPEEDS PROPERLY - IF THE TOOL MANUFACTURER'S RECOMMENDATIONS DIFFER FROM THIS TABLE, USE THE MANUFACTURER'S FIGURES INSTEAD'''
== Key ==
{| class="wikitable"
! Colour !! Meaning
|- style="background-color:#ccccff;"
| Blue || Not (proven) a maximum, could do more
|- style="background-color:#ccffcc;"
| Green || A demonstrated maximum, any more will break tools
|- style="background-color:#ffcccc;"
| Red || Known to be excessive, will break tools
|}


== Aluminium ==
===Roughing===
===Roughing===
{| class="wikitable"
6mm 4-flute flat end mill, solid carbide, TiAlN coated: ''35m/min, 7mm depth of cut, 0.04mm feed per tooth, 0.5mm width of cut'' Width is at maximum, depth might be deeper
! Tool Size || Tool Typetype !! Material !! Coating !!
6mm 2 flute ball nose end mill, Solid Carbide, Uncoated:
Surface speed

(RPM)
! DOC !! WOC !!
FTP

(feed rate)
! Comment
|- style="background-color:#ccffcc;"
|12mm || 4-flute flat end mill || HSS || Uncoated || 100m/min || 10mm || 4mm ||
0.03

(250mm/min)
||Noisy and spindle only just copes, definitely a maximum, use conventional milling only. Limited by spindle power, not tool endurance
|- style="background-color:#ccccff;"
|5mm || 4-flute flat end mill|| HSS|| Uncoated ||
40m/min

(2500rpm)
|| 5mm || 1.5mm ||
0.02

(200mm/min)
|| Good finish, not a maximum could have done more
|- style="background-color:#ccccff;"
|3mm || 4-flute flat end mill|| HSS|| Uncoated ||
28m/min

(3000rpm)
|| 1.5 mm || 1.4mm ||
0.0075

(90mm/min)
|| Good finish, not a maximum could have done more
|- style="background-color:#ccffcc;"
|2mm || 2-flute ball nose end mill || HSS || TiAlN coated ||
19m/min

(3000rpm)
|| 1mm || 0.5mm ||
0.02

(120mm/min)
|| Works OK, 150mm/min is too much
|}

== Brass ==
===Roughing===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tool Size/type !! Material !! Coating !!
Surface speed

(RPM)
! DOC !! WOC !!
FTP

(feed rate)
! Comment
|- style="background-color:#ccccff;"
|4mm 2-flute flat end mill || HSS || Uncoated ||
38m/min

(3000rpm)
|| 1 mm || 1.8mm ||
0.025

(150mm/min)
||Nice surface finish, almost certainly could do more depth
|}
===Finishing===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tool Size/type !! Material !! Coating !!
Surface speed

(RPM)
! DOC !! WOC !!
FTP

(feed rate)
! Comment
|- style="background-color:#ffcccc;"
|1mm 3-flute flat end mill || Carbide || TiAlN coated ||
9m/min

(3000rpm)
|| 1.2 mm || 0.95mm ||
0.0022

(20mm/min)
||Too much WOC, breaks cutters
|- style="background-color:#ccccff;"
|2mm 4-flute flat end mill || HSS || Uncoated ||
19m/min

(3000rpm)
|| 3 mm || 0.8mm ||
0.01

(120mm/min)
||Nice surface finish, might be able to go a little faster but was making noise
|}
=== Engraving ===

{| class="wikitable"
! Tool Size/type !! Material !! Coating !!
Surface speed

(RPM)
! DOC !! WOC !!
FTP

(feed rate)
! Comment
|- style="background-color:#ffcccc;"
|60 degree 0.3mm tip engraver 1/8" shank || solid carbide || TiAlN coated ||
25m/min (calculated)

(2500rpm)
|| N/A || 0.6mm ||
0.02

(50mm/min)
||Cutter sometimes breaks, probably should try higher rpm
|- style="background-color:#ccccff;"
|90 degree 0.3mm tip engraver 1/8" shank || solid carbide || TiAlN coated ||
30m/min (calculated)

(3000rpm)
|| 0.25 || 0.5mm ||
0.01

(30mm/min)
||Seems to work, could maybe do deeper or faster?
|}

===Slotting===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tool Size || Tool type !! Material !! Coating !!
Surface speed

(RPM)
! DOC !!
FTP

(feed rate)
! Comment
|- style="background-color:#ccffcc;"
|4mm || 4-flute flat end mill || HSS || Uncoated ||
31m/min

(2500rpm)
|| 1mm ||
0.015

(150mm/min)
|| Using ramp profile, might be able to do more but surface finish is not good
|- style="background-color:#ffcccc;"
|2mm || 4-flute flat end mill || HSS || Uncoated ||
19m/min

(3000rpm)
|| 1.5mm ||
0.01

(120mm/min)
|| Snapped tool
|- style="background-color:#ffcccc;"
|2mm || 3-flute flat end mill || Solid carbide || Uncoated ||
19m/min

(3000rpm)
|| 1.5mm ||
0.015

(90mm/min)
|| Snapped tool
|- style="background-color:#ccccff;"
| 2mm || 2-flute flat end mill || HSS || Uncoated ||
19m/min

(3000rpm)
|| 1.0mm ||
0.008

(50mm/min)
|| So far so good, working up the feed rate
|- style="background-color:#ccccff;"
|3mm || 4-flute flat end mill || HSS || Uncoated ||
28m/min

(3000rpm)
|| 1.5mm ||
0.005

(60mm/min)
|| FTP could be higher
|}

== Low-Carbon (Mild) Steel ==
=== Roughing ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tool Size || Tool type !! Material !! Coating !!
Surface speed

(RPM)
! DOC !! WOC !!
FTP

(feed rate)
! Comment
|- style="background-color:#ccccff;"
|4mm || 4-flute flat end mill || HSS || Uncoated ||
20m/min

(1600rpm)
|| 5mm || 1.8mm ||
0.02mm

(130mm/min)
|| Cut very well, probably can do more
|}
=== Drilling ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Tool Size/type !! Material !! Coating !!
Surface speed

(RPM)
!
FTP

(feed rate)
! Comment
|- style="background-color:#ccccff;"
|4 mm 2-flute jobber drill|| Cobalt Steel || TiN ||
20m/min

(1600rpm)
||
0.04mm

(63mm/min)
|| Cut well, used pecking profile, probably could have done more feed
|}

== "Special" materials ==
=== H-13 Tool Steel ===
====Roughing====
{| class="wikitable"
! Tool Size/type !! Material !! Coating !!
Surface speed

(RPM)
! DOC !! WOC !!
FTP

(feed rate)
! Comment
|- style="background-color:#ccccff;"
|6mm 4-flute flat end mill || solid carbide || TiAlN coated || 35m/min || 7mm || 0.5mm ||
0.04mm
||Width is at maximum, depth might be deeper
|- style="background-color:#ccccff;"
| 1mm 3-flute flat end mill || Solid Carbide || TiAlN coated ||
9.4m/min

(3000rpm)
|| 0.5mm || 0.5mm ||
0.0022mm

(20mm/min)
|| Might handle more but only one test was made
|}
====Finishing====
{| class="wikitable"
! Tool Size/type !! Material !! Coating !!
Surface speed

(RPM)
! DOC !! WOC !!
FTP

(feed rate)
! Comment
|- style="background-color:#ffcccc;"
|20 degree 0.3mm tip engraver 1/8" shank || solid carbide || TiAlN coated ||
30m/min (calculated)

(3000rpm)
|| 0.5 mm || 0.15mm ||
0.0026

(8mm/min)
||Too much, breaks the tip off
|}
====Drilling====
{| class="wikitable"
! Tool Size/type !! Material !! Coating !!
Surface speed

(RPM)
!
FTP

(feed rate)
! Comment
|- style="background-color:#ccffcc;"
|6mm 2-flute jobber drill|| HSS || TiN ||
14m/min

(730rpm)
||
0.02mm


(15mm/min)
===Drilling===
6mm HSS Drill bit : 14m/min, 730rpm, 0.02mm FPT, 15mm/min feed, was in danger of stalling spindle, definitely the maximum size that can be drilled in this material
|| Was in danger of stalling spindle, definitely the maximum size that can be drilled in this material
|}

Latest revision as of 12:09, 4 April 2022

All recipes from personal experience and tested on the Boxford 260VMC, Categories of machining are Roughing, Finishing, Slotting, Engraving, Drilling

Recommended surface speeds[edit]

Tool Speeds (m/min)
Material HSS Cobalt Carbide
Plastic 15 15 Not recommended
Aluminium 100 150 300
Brass 75 125 200
Steel 25 35 65
Stainless Steel 20 25 40
Titanium alloys Not recommended Not recommended 15
Tool Steels Not recommended 10 30

NOTE : THESE ARE APPROXIMATE RECOMMENDATIONS - YOU WILL NEED TO RESEARCH ELSEWHERE AND GET EXPERIENCE IN ORDER TO PICK SPEEDS PROPERLY - IF THE TOOL MANUFACTURER'S RECOMMENDATIONS DIFFER FROM THIS TABLE, USE THE MANUFACTURER'S FIGURES INSTEAD

Key[edit]

Colour Meaning
Blue Not (proven) a maximum, could do more
Green A demonstrated maximum, any more will break tools
Red Known to be excessive, will break tools


Aluminium[edit]

Roughing[edit]

Tool Size Tool Typetype Material Coating

Surface speed

(RPM)

DOC WOC

FTP

(feed rate)

Comment
12mm 4-flute flat end mill HSS Uncoated 100m/min 10mm 4mm

0.03

(250mm/min)

Noisy and spindle only just copes, definitely a maximum, use conventional milling only. Limited by spindle power, not tool endurance
5mm 4-flute flat end mill HSS Uncoated

40m/min

(2500rpm)

5mm 1.5mm

0.02

(200mm/min)

Good finish, not a maximum could have done more
3mm 4-flute flat end mill HSS Uncoated

28m/min

(3000rpm)

1.5 mm 1.4mm

0.0075

(90mm/min)

Good finish, not a maximum could have done more
2mm 2-flute ball nose end mill HSS TiAlN coated

19m/min

(3000rpm)

1mm 0.5mm

0.02

(120mm/min)

Works OK, 150mm/min is too much

Brass[edit]

Roughing[edit]

Tool Size/type Material Coating

Surface speed

(RPM)

DOC WOC

FTP

(feed rate)

Comment
4mm 2-flute flat end mill HSS Uncoated

38m/min

(3000rpm)

1 mm 1.8mm

0.025

(150mm/min)

Nice surface finish, almost certainly could do more depth

Finishing[edit]

Tool Size/type Material Coating

Surface speed

(RPM)

DOC WOC

FTP

(feed rate)

Comment
1mm 3-flute flat end mill Carbide TiAlN coated

9m/min

(3000rpm)

1.2 mm 0.95mm

0.0022

(20mm/min)

Too much WOC, breaks cutters
2mm 4-flute flat end mill HSS Uncoated

19m/min

(3000rpm)

3 mm 0.8mm

0.01

(120mm/min)

Nice surface finish, might be able to go a little faster but was making noise

Engraving[edit]

Tool Size/type Material Coating

Surface speed

(RPM)

DOC WOC

FTP

(feed rate)

Comment
60 degree 0.3mm tip engraver 1/8" shank solid carbide TiAlN coated

25m/min (calculated)

(2500rpm)

N/A 0.6mm

0.02

(50mm/min)

Cutter sometimes breaks, probably should try higher rpm
90 degree 0.3mm tip engraver 1/8" shank solid carbide TiAlN coated

30m/min (calculated)

(3000rpm)

0.25 0.5mm

0.01

(30mm/min)

Seems to work, could maybe do deeper or faster?

Slotting[edit]

Tool Size Tool type Material Coating

Surface speed

(RPM)

DOC

FTP

(feed rate)

Comment
4mm 4-flute flat end mill HSS Uncoated

31m/min

(2500rpm)

1mm

0.015

(150mm/min)

Using ramp profile, might be able to do more but surface finish is not good
2mm 4-flute flat end mill HSS Uncoated

19m/min

(3000rpm)

1.5mm

0.01

(120mm/min)

Snapped tool
2mm 3-flute flat end mill Solid carbide Uncoated

19m/min

(3000rpm)

1.5mm

0.015

(90mm/min)

Snapped tool
2mm 2-flute flat end mill HSS Uncoated

19m/min

(3000rpm)

1.0mm

0.008

(50mm/min)

So far so good, working up the feed rate
3mm 4-flute flat end mill HSS Uncoated

28m/min

(3000rpm)

1.5mm

0.005

(60mm/min)

FTP could be higher

Low-Carbon (Mild) Steel[edit]

Roughing[edit]

Tool Size Tool type Material Coating

Surface speed

(RPM)

DOC WOC

FTP

(feed rate)

Comment
4mm 4-flute flat end mill HSS Uncoated

20m/min

(1600rpm)

5mm 1.8mm

0.02mm

(130mm/min)

Cut very well, probably can do more

Drilling[edit]

Tool Size/type Material Coating

Surface speed

(RPM)

FTP

(feed rate)

Comment
4 mm 2-flute jobber drill Cobalt Steel TiN

20m/min

(1600rpm)

0.04mm

(63mm/min)

Cut well, used pecking profile, probably could have done more feed

"Special" materials[edit]

H-13 Tool Steel[edit]

Roughing[edit]

Tool Size/type Material Coating

Surface speed

(RPM)

DOC WOC

FTP

(feed rate)

Comment
6mm 4-flute flat end mill solid carbide TiAlN coated 35m/min 7mm 0.5mm

0.04mm

Width is at maximum, depth might be deeper
1mm 3-flute flat end mill Solid Carbide TiAlN coated

9.4m/min

(3000rpm)

0.5mm 0.5mm

0.0022mm

(20mm/min)

Might handle more but only one test was made

Finishing[edit]

Tool Size/type Material Coating

Surface speed

(RPM)

DOC WOC

FTP

(feed rate)

Comment
20 degree 0.3mm tip engraver 1/8" shank solid carbide TiAlN coated

30m/min (calculated)

(3000rpm)

0.5 mm 0.15mm

0.0026

(8mm/min)

Too much, breaks the tip off

Drilling[edit]

Tool Size/type Material Coating

Surface speed

(RPM)

FTP

(feed rate)

Comment
6mm 2-flute jobber drill HSS TiN

14m/min

(730rpm)

0.02mm

(15mm/min)

Was in danger of stalling spindle, definitely the maximum size that can be drilled in this material
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